When we buy a mobile phone, we usually don’t concern ourselves with the standards or technologies that our mobile phone uses. This is more so when we buy mobile phones that have the standard contract from the phone company, since it is 100% assured that it would function with that network. But in case you did not know, there are 2 very prominent technologies around the world. The first is GSM (Global System Mobile) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).
The problem with these two technologies is that they are not really compatible and mobile phones that were made for one network would not necessarily work on the other. It shouldn’t really be a problem for you unless you travel outside your usual area or possibly outside the country. But in case you do travel around a lot, it might be better if you have a GSM mobile phone in tow since GSM holds a much bigger share of the mobile phone industry. And you should also consider this when buying a mobile phone from abroad. I know a couple of people who bought CDMA mobile phones when the whole country they were in was on GSM.
Technology wise, CDMA was supposed to be more advanced compared to GSM, but the hold of GSM over the market has already been cemented in the years that it was ahead making it impossible for CDMA to totally replace GSM. With regards to the third generation of mobile phones, it became apparent that GSM would not be able to compete with CDMA in terms of speed. Therefore it became apparent that GSM would have to move to CDMA. But the people who run GSM networks made a move that still made the two networks incompatible, by deploying WCDMA (Wideband CDMA) or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) as it is known in Europe. This standard is still incompatible with EV-DO which was the next step for the CDMA crowd.
The battle between this two has long abandoned the technology aspect which was how it started, but now it is all about market share. Although in the technology side GSM seems to be gaining the upper hand with 3.6Mbps for UMTS and 7.2 for the later HSDPA, compared to the 2.4Mbps of EV-DO and 5.2Mbps of EV-DV which are the current competing technologies. Although it seems that CDMA isn’t going to be able to compete with GSM superiority in the mobile phone market, it is still unclear whether CDMA is actually going away.
Monday, October 4, 2010
Thursday, July 8, 2010
IIT's Fee Structures
IITs are the most well known and most advanced educational institutions in India. Every year, hundreds of candidates sit for the IIT entrance exams with the dream to undertake undergraduate and post graduate programs in these institutions. It is very important for prospective candidates to have a general idea about the fees structure that is specified by the various IIT's. It must be noted that IIT fee structure mentioned below is subject to change from time to time.
IIT Chennai Fees
Candidates who wish to undertake undergraduate programs at IIT Chennai have to pay a minimum fees of Rs 20,400 per semester. Candidates who wish to stay at the institute hostel have to pay the hostel fees payable through DD which come to Rs 12,929 per semester.
Candidates who wish to take up post graduate courses at IIT Chennai would be required to pay anywhere from a minimum of Rs 9900 to a maximum of Rs 56,100 as per the program per semester.
Candidates who wish to undertake Ph.D programs at IIT Chennai are required to pay minimum of Rs 10,500 and Rs 12,929 per semester through DD if they take up the hostel residence.
IIT Delhi Fees
The total fees payable at the time of admission to undergraduate course at IIT Delhi is Rs 22035 which is payable every semester.
Total fees payable for special part time post graduate program offered by IIT Delhi is Rs 60,000. The fees is payable in 6 equal installments of Rs. 10,000. In the 1st semester an amount of Rs.5,475 in addition to Rs 10,000 has to be paid which is the admission fee. Subsequently Rs 525 has to be paid every semester.
IIT Bombay Fees
IIT Bombay charges a total of Rs 22601 as its fees for the undergraduate course offered by the institution. The fees is charged per semester.
For post graduate courses, the general fee structure charged by IIT Bombay is Rs 11,601 for candidates staying in hostel and Rs 7201 for candidates not staying in hostel.
IIT Kanpur
The general fee structure of undergraduate course offered by IIT Kanpur is Rs 25542, payable at the time of admission.
Candidates who wish to take admission to post graduate program for executives for visionary leadership in manufacturing offered by the institute have to pay a tuition fees of Rs 5 Lacs.
IIT Guwahati Fees
The undergraduate program offered by IIT Guwahati has a fee structure of Rs 22800, payable at the time of admission. Rs 16,650 is to be paid from the next semester onwards.
The minimum fees payable for post graduate programs at the time of admission is Rs 10,300.
IIT Kharagpur Fees
The undergraduate program offered by IIT Kharagpur has a fee structure of Rs 22596. This fee is payable at the time of admission.
IIT Roorkee Fees
The undergraduate program offered by IIT Roorkee has a fee structure of Rs 26820 for undergraduate courses. This fee is payable at the time of admission.
IIT Chennai Fees
Candidates who wish to undertake undergraduate programs at IIT Chennai have to pay a minimum fees of Rs 20,400 per semester. Candidates who wish to stay at the institute hostel have to pay the hostel fees payable through DD which come to Rs 12,929 per semester.
Candidates who wish to take up post graduate courses at IIT Chennai would be required to pay anywhere from a minimum of Rs 9900 to a maximum of Rs 56,100 as per the program per semester.
Candidates who wish to undertake Ph.D programs at IIT Chennai are required to pay minimum of Rs 10,500 and Rs 12,929 per semester through DD if they take up the hostel residence.
IIT Delhi Fees
The total fees payable at the time of admission to undergraduate course at IIT Delhi is Rs 22035 which is payable every semester.
Total fees payable for special part time post graduate program offered by IIT Delhi is Rs 60,000. The fees is payable in 6 equal installments of Rs. 10,000. In the 1st semester an amount of Rs.5,475 in addition to Rs 10,000 has to be paid which is the admission fee. Subsequently Rs 525 has to be paid every semester.
IIT Bombay Fees
IIT Bombay charges a total of Rs 22601 as its fees for the undergraduate course offered by the institution. The fees is charged per semester.
For post graduate courses, the general fee structure charged by IIT Bombay is Rs 11,601 for candidates staying in hostel and Rs 7201 for candidates not staying in hostel.
IIT Kanpur
The general fee structure of undergraduate course offered by IIT Kanpur is Rs 25542, payable at the time of admission.
Candidates who wish to take admission to post graduate program for executives for visionary leadership in manufacturing offered by the institute have to pay a tuition fees of Rs 5 Lacs.
IIT Guwahati Fees
The undergraduate program offered by IIT Guwahati has a fee structure of Rs 22800, payable at the time of admission. Rs 16,650 is to be paid from the next semester onwards.
The minimum fees payable for post graduate programs at the time of admission is Rs 10,300.
IIT Kharagpur Fees
The undergraduate program offered by IIT Kharagpur has a fee structure of Rs 22596. This fee is payable at the time of admission.
IIT Roorkee Fees
The undergraduate program offered by IIT Roorkee has a fee structure of Rs 26820 for undergraduate courses. This fee is payable at the time of admission.
Thursday, June 17, 2010
Career in Event Management
Event management is about organizing a professional and focused event for a target audience. It involves visualizing concepts and planning, budget, organizing and executing events, such as fashion shows, musical concerts, corporate seminars, exhibition, among others.
Your Earning
Remuneration in this field varies according to the type of event managed. A trainee can get around Rs 15,000 a month. Meanwhile, the head of an event management company can earn in lakhs, depending on the scale of the events.
Skills:
1. Public relations skills.
2. Marketing acumen.
3. Budgeting skills.
4. Mastery over conceptualizing and planning events and implanting plans.
5. Risk management ability
Training:
No specific qualification is required. Graduates with good PR and networking can join. Some institute offer specialized diplomas and advanced diplomas in event management. However, some of the event management firms may prefer candidates who have an MBA degree.
Important Links
1. Event Management Development Institute, IES Management College, Mumbai, www.emdiworld.com
2. Indian Institute of Event Management, Mumbai, www.niemindia.com
3. Amity Institute of Event Management, Noida, www.amity.edu/aiem
4. International Center for Event Marketing, New Delhi, www.eventmanagementindia.com
Monday, June 14, 2010
ICWAI (Career in Cost Accounting)
The ICWAI examinations are held in three stages Foundation ,Intermediate and Final. A candidate may appear for the Foundation examination (two time in a year June & December) after passing twelfth standard examinations and completing coaching either postal or oral.. The students are tested in Organisation and Management Fundamentals, Financial Accounting Fundamentals, Economics and Business Fundamentals and Business Mathematics and Statistics Fundamentals .The Foundation is waived in the case of gazetted officers, post graduates, qualified engineers holding a degree and graduates from other streams . They are generally allowed to register with the institute for the intermediate examination.
For the intermediate exam, there are eight papers Cost and Management Accounting, Information Systems and Technology, Business Laws and Communication Skill, Business Taxation, Management Accounting-Performance Management, Advanced Financial Accounting, Auditing, Quantitative Methods. For the Final exam, there are eight papers-Operation and Project Management and Control, Advanced Financial Management and International Finance, Strategic Management and Marketing, Strategic Tax Management, Management Accounting-Decision Making, Management Accounting-Financial Strategy and Reporting, Cost Audit and Management Audit, Valuations Management and Case Study. The syllabus covered in the entire course includes book keeping and accountancy, production, productivity, cost effectiveness, cost accountancy, business mathematics and statistics, business and economic laws, principles of management, auditing, tax laws and tax planning, quantitative techniques and methods of cost and management accountancy.
The institute has made it mandatory for registered candidates to undergo coaching either directly or through correspondence and training, before appearing for the examinations. The duration of the course through correspondence is eighteen months. With a view to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and to emphasis practical orientation training requirements for ICWAI students have been presented as given below:-Intermediate:-1.Group Discussions - 2 nos.2.Business Communication Seminars 2 nos. 3.Computers hands on 50 hours Final:1. Dissertation 5000 words. 2.Computer Hands on 100 hours 3.Modular training 15 days 4.Audit / Industrial training 6 months
For the intermediate exam, there are eight papers Cost and Management Accounting, Information Systems and Technology, Business Laws and Communication Skill, Business Taxation, Management Accounting-Performance Management, Advanced Financial Accounting, Auditing, Quantitative Methods. For the Final exam, there are eight papers-Operation and Project Management and Control, Advanced Financial Management and International Finance, Strategic Management and Marketing, Strategic Tax Management, Management Accounting-Decision Making, Management Accounting-Financial Strategy and Reporting, Cost Audit and Management Audit, Valuations Management and Case Study. The syllabus covered in the entire course includes book keeping and accountancy, production, productivity, cost effectiveness, cost accountancy, business mathematics and statistics, business and economic laws, principles of management, auditing, tax laws and tax planning, quantitative techniques and methods of cost and management accountancy.
The institute has made it mandatory for registered candidates to undergo coaching either directly or through correspondence and training, before appearing for the examinations. The duration of the course through correspondence is eighteen months. With a view to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and to emphasis practical orientation training requirements for ICWAI students have been presented as given below:-Intermediate:-1.Group Discussions - 2 nos.2.Business Communication Seminars 2 nos. 3.Computers hands on 50 hours Final:1. Dissertation 5000 words. 2.Computer Hands on 100 hours 3.Modular training 15 days 4.Audit / Industrial training 6 months
Monday, May 31, 2010
CBSE’S GRADING SYSTEM
1. All students have been awarded grades, not marks
2. The practice of declaring Compartment/Fail has been discontinued
3. The result of candidates is now declared in two categories: Eligible for qualifying certificate (QUAL) and Eligible for improvement of performance (EIOP)
4. All candidates, even if they have failed in all subjects will now have five chances to improve their performance without having to repeat a year.
THE NEW ORDER
With Board exams being made optional from the academic year 2010-11, a new system of evaluation – Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) – based on grades has been approved. It comprises formative and summative assessment of the student to be done over two terms – first and second -during the year-long academic calendar.
Summative Assessment: Based on the term-end examination
1) There will be two evaluations each in the first and second terms.
2) Each evaluation will carry 10 marks apiece.
Formative Assessment: To evaluate and grade class work, homework, assignment and project work
1) There will be one term-end exam for each term.
2) The first term-end exam will carry 20 marks.
3) The second term-end exam will carry 40 marks.
EVALUATION
Students of class IX and X will be evaluated on a 9-point grading system. Each grade, given on the basis of both formative and summative assessments, will correspond to a range of marks as indicated below :
MARKS-------RANGE--------GRADE-------GRADE POINT
91-100--------A1-----------10.0
81 -90--------A2-----------9.0
71 -80--------B1-----------8.0
61-70---------B2-----------7.0
51 -60--------C1-----------6.0
41 -50--------C2-----------5.0
33-40---------D------------4.0
21-32---------E1
00-20---------E2
Points to Remeber :
(i) Assessment of theory/practical papers in external subjects shall be in numerical scores.In addition to numerical scores, the Board shall indicate grades in the marks sheets issued to the candidates in case of subjects of external examinations. In case of internal assessment subjects, only grades shall be shown.
(ii) Subjects of internal examination in Class X the assessment shall be made on a five point scale I.e. A,B,C,D & E.
(iii) The grades shall be derived from scores in case of subjects of external examination. In case of subjects of internal assessment, they shall be awarded by the schools.
(iv) The qualifying marks in each subject of external examination shall be 33% . However at Senior School Certificate Examination,in a subject involving practical work, a candidate must obtain 33% marks in the theory and 33% marks in the practical separately in addition to 33% marks in aggregate, in order to qualify in that subject.
Important :
(a) In case of a tie, all the students getting the same score, will get the same grade. If the number of students at a score point need to be divided into two segments, the smaller segment will go with the larger.
(b) Method of grading will be used in subjects where the number of candidates who have passed is more than 500.
(c) In respect of subjects where total number of candidates passing in a subject is less than 500, the grading would be adopted on the pattern of grading and distribution in other similar subjects.
Saturday, May 29, 2010
Abbreviations to Know
3G -- Third Generation
AAA -- Asian Athletics Association
AAFI -- The Amateur Athletics Federation of India
AC -- Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air Conditioner
ADB -- Asian Development Bank
AFI -- Athletics Federation of India
AFMC -- Armed Forces Medical College
AI -- Artifical Intelligence, Air India
AICTE -- All India Council for Technical Education
AIFF -- All India Football Federation
AIIMS -- All India Institute of Medical Science
AITUC -- All India Trade Union Congress
ALGOL -- Algebric Oriented Language
AM -- Ante Meridiem (before Noon), Amplitude Modulation
APEC -- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
ARPANET -- Advanced Research Project Agency Network
ASCII -- American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASEAN -- Association of South East Asian Nations
ASLV -- Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
AT&T -- American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.
ATC -- Air Traffic Control
ATM -- Automated Teller Machine
AVSM -- Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
B2B -- Busines to Business
B2C -- Business to Consumer
BARC -- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation
BBS -- Bulletin Board Service
BC -- Before Christ
BHEL -- Bharat Heavy Electri-cals Ltd
BIOS -- Basic Input Output System
BIT -- Binary Digit
BPL -- Below Poverty Line
BPO -- Business Process Outsourcing
BPR -- Business Process Re-engineering
bps -- bytes per second
BSE -- Bombay Stock Exchange
BSF -- Border Security Force
BSNL -- Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
C2C -- Consumer to Consumer
CA -- Chartered Accountant
CAD -- Computer Aided Design
CAT -- Common Admission Test
CBI -- Central Bureau of Investigation
CBSE -- Central Board of Secondary Education
CDAC -- Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing
CDMA -- Code Division Multiple Access
CEO -- Chief Executive Officer
CFSL -- Central Forensic Science Laboratory
CGI -- Common Gateway Interface
CIA -- Central Intelligence Agency
CID -- Criminal Investigation Department
CISC -- Complex instruction-set computing
CITU -- Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CNN -- Cable News Network
COMSAT -- Communications Satellite Corporation
COPRA -- Consumer Protection Act
CORBA -- Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPI(M) -- Communist Party of India / Marxist
CPWD -- Central Public Works Department
CRIS -- Centre for Railway Information System
CSIR -- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CTBT -- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
CYMK -- Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda
D.Litt. -- Doctor of Literature
D.Phil. -- Doctor of Philosophy
D.Sc -- Doctor of Science
DC - Direct Current
DIG -- Deputy Inspector General
DMA -- Direct Memory Access
DMK -- Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
DNA -- Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid
DTP -- Desktop Publishing
DVC -- Damodar Valley Corporation
DVD -- Digital Versatile/Video Disc
AAA -- Asian Athletics Association
AAFI -- The Amateur Athletics Federation of India
AC -- Ante Christum (Before Christ), Ashok Chakra, Air Conditioner
ADB -- Asian Development Bank
AFI -- Athletics Federation of India
AFMC -- Armed Forces Medical College
AI -- Artifical Intelligence, Air India
AICTE -- All India Council for Technical Education
AIFF -- All India Football Federation
AIIMS -- All India Institute of Medical Science
AITUC -- All India Trade Union Congress
ALGOL -- Algebric Oriented Language
AM -- Ante Meridiem (before Noon), Amplitude Modulation
APEC -- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
ARPANET -- Advanced Research Project Agency Network
ASCII -- American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASEAN -- Association of South East Asian Nations
ASLV -- Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle
AT&T -- American Telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.
ATC -- Air Traffic Control
ATM -- Automated Teller Machine
AVSM -- Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
B2B -- Busines to Business
B2C -- Business to Consumer
BARC -- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
BBC -- British Broadcasting Corporation
BBS -- Bulletin Board Service
BC -- Before Christ
BHEL -- Bharat Heavy Electri-cals Ltd
BIOS -- Basic Input Output System
BIT -- Binary Digit
BPL -- Below Poverty Line
BPO -- Business Process Outsourcing
BPR -- Business Process Re-engineering
bps -- bytes per second
BSE -- Bombay Stock Exchange
BSF -- Border Security Force
BSNL -- Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
C2C -- Consumer to Consumer
CA -- Chartered Accountant
CAD -- Computer Aided Design
CAT -- Common Admission Test
CBI -- Central Bureau of Investigation
CBSE -- Central Board of Secondary Education
CDAC -- Centre for the Development of Advanced Computing
CDMA -- Code Division Multiple Access
CEO -- Chief Executive Officer
CFSL -- Central Forensic Science Laboratory
CGI -- Common Gateway Interface
CIA -- Central Intelligence Agency
CID -- Criminal Investigation Department
CISC -- Complex instruction-set computing
CITU -- Centre of Indian Trade Unions
CNN -- Cable News Network
COMSAT -- Communications Satellite Corporation
COPRA -- Consumer Protection Act
CORBA -- Common Object Request Broker Architecture
CPI(M) -- Communist Party of India / Marxist
CPWD -- Central Public Works Department
CRIS -- Centre for Railway Information System
CSIR -- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
CTBT -- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
CYMK -- Cyan, Yellow, Magenta, Kinda
D.Litt. -- Doctor of Literature
D.Phil. -- Doctor of Philosophy
D.Sc -- Doctor of Science
DC - Direct Current
DIG -- Deputy Inspector General
DMA -- Direct Memory Access
DMK -- Dravida Munetra Kazhagam
DNA -- Deoxyribo-nucleic Acid
DTP -- Desktop Publishing
DVC -- Damodar Valley Corporation
DVD -- Digital Versatile/Video Disc
Sports Field Measurements
Badminton Court: 13.40 m x 5.18 m
Net: 1.524 m high
Shuttle: 4.73 to 5.50 gms
Cricket Pitch: 20.12 metres
Bat: 96.5 cm length and 10.8 cm width
Ball: 155.9 to 163 gms
Derby Course Route length: 2400 metres (or) 11/2 miles
Football Field: 100 x 64 m to 110 x 75 m
Hockey Field: 100 x 55 yards to 100 x 60 yards
Ball: 5.50 ounces to 5.75 ounces
Kabaddi Field: 13 x 10 meters
Khokho Field: 34 x 10 m to 34 x 16 metres
Lawn Tennis Court: 23.77 x 8.23 metres
Ball: 56.7 gms to 58.5 gms. (weight); 6.35 cm to 6.67 cms (diameter)
Marathon Race Route Length: 42,195 m-26 miles, 385 yards
Table Tennis Table: 275 cm x 152.5 cm, 76 cm above the ground (floor)
Ball: 37.2 to 38.2 millimeter (diameter); 9.40 to 9.53 gms.
Volleyball Court: 18 m x 9 m
Net: 9.5 m x 1 m x 2.43 m
Net: 1.524 m high
Shuttle: 4.73 to 5.50 gms
Cricket Pitch: 20.12 metres
Bat: 96.5 cm length and 10.8 cm width
Ball: 155.9 to 163 gms
Derby Course Route length: 2400 metres (or) 11/2 miles
Football Field: 100 x 64 m to 110 x 75 m
Hockey Field: 100 x 55 yards to 100 x 60 yards
Ball: 5.50 ounces to 5.75 ounces
Kabaddi Field: 13 x 10 meters
Khokho Field: 34 x 10 m to 34 x 16 metres
Lawn Tennis Court: 23.77 x 8.23 metres
Ball: 56.7 gms to 58.5 gms. (weight); 6.35 cm to 6.67 cms (diameter)
Marathon Race Route Length: 42,195 m-26 miles, 385 yards
Table Tennis Table: 275 cm x 152.5 cm, 76 cm above the ground (floor)
Ball: 37.2 to 38.2 millimeter (diameter); 9.40 to 9.53 gms.
Volleyball Court: 18 m x 9 m
Net: 9.5 m x 1 m x 2.43 m
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